这篇笔记摘自Professional CUDA C Programming：
Global memory is large, on-board memory and is characterized by relatively high latencies. Shared memory is smaller, low-latency on-chip memory that offers much higher bandwidth than global memory. You can think of it as a program-managed cache. Shared memory is generally useful as:
➤ An intra-block thread communication channel
➤ A program-managed cache for global memory data
➤ Scratch pad memory for transforming data to improve global memory access patternsShared memory is partitioned among all resident thread blocks on an SM; therefore, shared memory is a critical resource that limits device parallelism. The more shared memory used by a kernel, the fewer possible concurrently active thread blocks.